Używanie leków z powodu dolegliwości bólowych i negatywnych stanów emocjonalnych przez uczniów warszawskich gimnazjów

The study was aimed at the assessment of trends in medicines use, taken for pain ailments (headache and stomachache), negative emotional conditions (sleeplessness, nervousness, depression), and lack of energy among adolescents.An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 15-year-old students in random sample of middle school classes from Warsaw. In 2004 data were taken from 722 students, in 2008 from 1133 students, and in 2012 from 937 students.Results showed that in the last month before the study 24–30% of students used pain-relievers occasionally, approximately 20% used such medicines frequently. Medicines against negative emotional conditions and lack of energy were less prevalent. The prevalence of pain-reliever use was stable, however, changes in the prevalence of medicine use for negative emotional conditions were noted.Mental health promotion and prevention program, addressing over-the-counter medicine use should be developed

Regulacja nastroju i strategie radzenie sobie ze stresem a prokrastynacja we wczesnej dorosłości

The aim of the analysis was to determine the relationship between mood regulation and typical ways of responding and feeling in situations of severe stress and procrastination; 96 people in the early adulthood were examined. The following research methods were used in the study: for measuring procrastination – the Pure Procrastination Scale; for the analysis of mood regulation – the Scales of Mood Regulation by Bogdan Wojciszke; for the assessment of coping strategies – the Brief-COPE questionnaire. The analyzes revealed the relationship between procrastination and mood regulation (procrastinating people usually use strategies that reduce mood) and between procrastination and eight (out of fourteen) coping strategies. With the increase in procrastination, the tendency to use non-adaptive styles of coping with stress, including the strategy of denying the existence of the problem and cessation of actions and abandoning attempts to achieve the goal, as well as strategies of dealing with something else and using a sense of humour is intensifying, strategies involving the absorption of unpleasant emotions by discharging them and blaming them. An inversely proportional relationship was observed between procrastination and adaptive coping strategies, consisting in planning further actions and taking action to improve the situation. Additional analysis did not reveal significant differences between men and women in the extent of procrastination. There were significant differences in two dimensions of procrastination: behavioural and decision-making.Celem podjętej analizy było określenie związku między regulacją nastroju oraz typowymi sposobami reagowania i odczuwania w sytuacjach doświadczania silnego stresu a prokrastynacją. Przebadano 96 osób w okresie wczesnej dorosłości. W badaniach zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: do pomiaru prokrastynacji – kwestionariusz Pure Procrastination Scale; do analizy regulacji nastroju – Skale Regulacji Nastroju Bogdana Wojciszke; do oceny strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem – kwestionariusz Mini-COPE. Przeprowadzone analizy ujawniły istnienie związku między prokrastynacją a regulacją nastroju (osoby prokrastynujące częściej stosują strategie polegające na obniżaniu nastroju) oraz między prokrastynacją a ośmioma (spośród czternastu) strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem. Wraz ze wzrostem prokrastynacji nasila się tendencja do stosowania nieadaptacyjnych stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem, w tym strategii polegającej na zaprzeczaniu istnieniu problemu oraz na zaprzestaniu działań i rezygnacji z prób osiągnięcia celu, a także strategii polegających na zajmowaniu się czymś innym i wykorzystywaniu poczucia humoru, zaabsorbowaniu pojawiającymi się nieprzyjemnymi emocjami poprzez ich wyładowanie oraz obwinianiu się. Odwrotnie proporcjonalny związek zaobserwowano między prokrastynacją a adaptacyjnymi strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, polegającymi na planowaniu postępowania i podejmowaniu działania w celu poprawy sytuacji. Przeprowadzona dodatkowa analiza nie ujawniła istotnych różnic między kobietami i mężczyznami w zakresie nasilenia prokrastynacji. Istotne różnice wystąpiły w zakresie dwóch wymiarów prokrastynacji: behawioralnego i decyzyjnego

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) – knowledge and experiences of drug users from Hungary, Poland, the UK and the USA

Submitted 19 September 2019; Accepted 29 November 2019; Proof received 29 November 2019; Published 18 February 2020. Note: No DOI allocated.Dopamine D 3 receptor partial agonists represent a new generation of atypical antipsychotics. Cariprazine, which has received centralized market authorization from the European Medicines Agency in 2017 for the treatment of adult patients with schizophrenia (including those with predominant negative symptoms of schizophrenia) differs from the other two partial agonist antipsychotics aripiprazole and brexpiprazole due to its unique features. Cariprazine is a dopamine D 3 preferring D 3/D2 partial agonist with very similar dopamine receptor sub-type selectivity as dopamine. It has proven efficacy in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as for relapse prevention. Further phase-3 clinical studies proved the efficacy of cariprazine in the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, as well as in bipolar depression. For the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder, phase 3 studies are in progress.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Designer drugs on the Internet : a phenomenon out-of-control? : The emergence of hallucinogenic drug Bromo-Dragonfly

Copyright Bentham Science PublishersBased on the material available in both the scientific literature and on the web, the present paper provides an updated pharmacological, chemical, toxicological and behavioural overview of Bromo-Dragonfly (1-(8-bromobenzo[1,2- b;4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane; 'B-fly'). B-Fly is a powerful, long lasting, LSD-like, hallucinogenic drug, which has been associated with a number of acute intoxications and fatalities in a number of countries. A critical discussion of the potential of misuse of B-fly but also of the methodological limitations, which are intrinsically associated with the analysis of online, non-peer reviewed, material, is presented. It is concluded that the availability of online information on novel psychoactive drugs, such as B-fly, may constitute a public health challenge. Better international collaboration levels may be needed to tackle this novel and fast growing phenomenonPeer reviewe

Promoting innovation and excellence to face the rapid diffusion of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) in the EU : the outcomes of the ReDNet project

Objectives: The recent emergence of new psychoactive compounds (NPS) has raised prominent challenges in the fields of drug policy, substance use research, public health and service provision. The Recreational Drugs European Network (ReDNet) project, funded by the European Commission, was implemented to improve the information stream to young people and professionals about effects/risks of NPS identifying online products and disseminating relevant information through technological tools. Methods: Regular multilingual qualitative assessments of websites, drugs fora and other online resources were carried out using the Google search engine in 8 languages from collaborating countries. These included: the UK, Norway, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy and Spain. Products were tested and prevention messages were developed and disseminated via technological tools such as interactive websites, SMS alert, social networking (Facebook, Twitter), Multimedia (You Tube), Smartphone applications (iPhone), and virtual learning environments (Second Life). Results: The ReDNet project established itself as the first Europe-wide prevention programme designed for NPS based on the efficacy of novel ICT-based forms of intervention. More than 650 NPS products and combinations were identified; relevant information was disseminated to target population and advice was given to both EU/ international agencies and national policy makers. Conclusions: Web monitoring activities are essential for mapping the diffusion of NPS and the use of technological tools can be successfully incorporated in specific prevention programmes. Furthermore, the involvement of multi-disciplinary international partnerships was and continues to be fundamental for responding to such a prominent challenge.Peer reviewedSubmitted Versio

Regulacja nastroju i strategie radzenie sobie ze stresem a prokrastynacja we wczesnej dorosłości

The aim of the analysis was to determine the relationship between mood regulation and typical ways of responding and feeling in situations of severe stress and procrastination; 96 people in the early adulthood were examined. The following research methods were used in the study: for measuring procrastination – the Pure Procrastination Scale; for the analysis of mood regulation – the Scales of Mood Regulation by Bogdan Wojciszke; for the assessment of coping strategies – the Brief-COPE questionnaire. The analyzes revealed the relationship between procrastination and mood regulation (procrastinating people usually use strategies that reduce mood) and between procrastination and eight (out of fourteen) coping strategies. With the increase in procrastination, the tendency to use non-adaptive styles of coping with stress, including the strategy of denying the existence of the problem and cessation of actions and abandoning attempts to achieve the goal, as well as strategies of dealing with something else and using a sense of humour is intensifying, strategies involving the absorption of unpleasant emotions by discharging them and blaming them. An inversely proportional relationship was observed between procrastination and adaptive coping strategies, consisting in planning further actions and taking action to improve the situation. Additional analysis did not reveal significant differences between men and women in the extent of procrastination. There were significant differences in two dimensions of procrastination: behavioural and decision-making.Celem podjętej analizy było określenie związku między regulacją nastroju oraz typowymi sposobami reagowania i odczuwania w sytuacjach doświadczania silnego stresu a prokrastynacją. Przebadano 96 osób w okresie wczesnej dorosłości. W badaniach zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: do pomiaru prokrastynacji – kwestionariusz Pure Procrastination Scale; do analizy regulacji nastroju – Skale Regulacji Nastroju Bogdana Wojciszke; do oceny strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem – kwestionariusz Mini-COPE. Przeprowadzone analizy ujawniły istnienie związku między prokrastynacją a regulacją nastroju (osoby prokrastynujące częściej stosują strategie polegające na obniżaniu nastroju) oraz między prokrastynacją a ośmioma (spośród czternastu) strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem. Wraz ze wzrostem prokrastynacji nasila się tendencja do stosowania nieadaptacyjnych stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem, w tym strategii polegającej na zaprzeczaniu istnieniu problemu oraz na zaprzestaniu działań i rezygnacji z prób osiągnięcia celu, a także strategii polegających na zajmowaniu się czymś innym i wykorzystywaniu poczucia humoru, zaabsorbowaniu pojawiającymi się nieprzyjemnymi emocjami poprzez ich wyładowanie oraz obwinianiu się. Odwrotnie proporcjonalny związek zaobserwowano między prokrastynacją a adaptacyjnymi strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, polegającymi na planowaniu postępowania i podejmowaniu działania w celu poprawy sytuacji. Przeprowadzona dodatkowa analiza nie ujawniła istotnych różnic między kobietami i mężczyznami w zakresie nasilenia prokrastynacji. Istotne różnice wystąpiły w zakresie dwóch wymiarów prokrastynacji: behawioralnego i decyzyjnego

Measurement of the substance use prevalence among youth

Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja metod pomiaru używania substancji psychoaktywnych w badaniach prowadzonych wśród młodzieży. Zaprezentowane zostały pytania ankietowe wykorzystywane w ogólnopolskich projektach badawczych HBSC, ESPAD, CBOS oraz warszawskich badaniach mokotowskich. W badaniach tych szacowane jest rozpowszechnienie palenia tytoniu, picia i nadużywania alkoholu, używania substancji nielegalnych (narkotyków) oraz przyjmowania leków. Omówiono wskaźniki używania substancji psychoaktywnych oraz warunki niezbędne do uzyskania wiarygodnych danych

Use of medicines to alleviate negative emotional states among adolescents attending Special Education Centres: Medicine use among youth attending SEC

Introduction: Substantial research evidence indicates that adolescents commonly use a variety of pharmaceuticals.  Studies in this area carried out so far in Poland have focused on youth  attending mainstream schools.  However, there is a lack of research covering adolescents residing in special education centres (SEC). The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of medicine use for  negative emotional states (nervousness, difficulties in falling asleep, and depressive mood), and to identify factors associated with the use of the aforementioned medications by SEC youth. Material and methods: The study  was conducted in 2018 on a random nationwide sample of SEC adolescents aged 12-19 (N=1730). The logistic regression analyses included sociodemographic variables, as well as factors related to the participant’s individual characteristics and to their social environment. Results: Medicine use for negative emotional states was confirmed by about 24% - 30% of respondents. The prevalence of these medicine use among SEC youth was significantly higher than among adolescents from mainstream schools.  The individual risk factors associated with medicine use were gender (female), current mental and somatic health problems, past suicide attempts and psychoactive substances use while self-control turned out to be protective factor. Among factors related to the respondents' social environment, positive relationships with peers were significant protective factor.   Conclusions: Preventive measures aimed at SEC youth should be focused on  improving positive relationships with peers and developing self-control. Educational programs for youth, their parents and SEC staff to develop knowledge and skills regarding safe medicines intake would also be useful